Functional patterns

Reusable approaches for handling time correctly in practice.

Parsing user input Human input is ambiguous and locale-dependent โ€” never trust a lenient parser with it. Your own client โ†” server You control both ends โ€” agree one explicit wire contract and serialize symmetrically. 3rd-party data Trust but verify โ€” validate external timestamps against an expected format and fail loudly. Store vs display Store instants in UTC; convert to the user's local zone only at display time. Pitfalls & anti-patterns A citable index of the warnings scattered across this guide.